• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Motor drive apparatus brings the actual speed (n) of an induction motor (4) into coincidence with a command speed (nc) by varying the frequency and effective value of a three-phase AC voltage (VWU, VUV, VVW) applied to the induction motor (4). The apparatus includes an inverter (3) for generating three-phase AC voltage (VWU, VUV, VVW); a speed deviation signal generator (7), an amplitude controller (8) for controlling the amplitude of the speed deviation signal, an adder (9) for adding together a voltage signal which conforms to the actual speed and the speed deviation signal which has been controlled, a rectangular waveform signal generator (13, 14, 21) and a pulse width modulator (22, 23a, 23b, 23c. NOT1 to NOT3 and 24 to 29). The rectangular waveform signal generator is adapted to produce a three-phase rectangular signal (AS min , BS min , CS min ) whose frequency is proportional to the output voltage value of the adder (9). The rectangular signal of each voltage phase is modulated in pulse width on the basis of the speed deviation, the inverter (3) being controlled by each resulting pulse-width modulated rectangular signal to thereby vary the effective value of the three-phase AC voltage. …<??>The apparatus can prevent torque irregularity and excitation noise in a driven motor with smooth rotation in a low speed region, even under fluctuating load.
    公开号:SU1192641A3
    申请号:SU792836789
    申请日:1979-11-02
    公开日:1985-11-15
    发明作者:Кавада Сигеки；Исида Хироси；Коиваи Ютака
    申请人:Фудзицу Фанук Лимитед (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to electrical engineering, and more specifically to a variable frequency asynchronous electric drive, and can be used in mechanisms with a large speed control range. A device for controlling an asynchronous motor is known, which contains a power amplifier whose outputs are intended to be connected to an engine, a rotational speed sensor whose output through a frequency-voltage converter is connected to a unit with: T4Mirovania, whose second input is connected to an absolute slip setting device. , the output through the master frequency generator is connected to the control input of the power amplifier ij. The known device provides a wide range of frequency control of rotation, but does not provide a high uniformity of rotation in the region of low frequencies of rotation. Closest to the invention is a device for controlling an asynchronous motor, comprising a voltage inverter intended for connection to an asynchronous motor, measuring the actual rotational speed of the motor, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the speed reference unit, and the output the comparator unit through a non-linear unit connected to the summation unit, the second input of which is connected to the meter of the actual speed of rotation of the engine, the control unit nap frequency and frequency, containing a current sensor, a dial and a comparison unit 2. However, this device does not provide high uniformity of rotation, since the AC voltage waveform at the output of the inverter is not exactly sinusoidal. The purpose of the invention is to achieve equal rotation frequency throughout the whole range of load moment variation. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a device for controlling an induction motor containing a voltage inverter, an asynchronous motor is connected to the output, the real speed meter is rotated by the motor whose output is connected to the first input of the first comparison block, the second input of which is connected to the speed reference block, and the output of the comparison block through the nonlinear block is connected to the summation block, second the input of which is connected to the motor speed meter, the voltage and frequency control unit associated with the inverter, and the second comparison unit, the voltage and frequency control unit are composed of two absolute polarity discriminator speed-forming units, and the voltage converter frequency, three-phase ring meter, first and second amplifiers, voltage measuring unit, made in the form of a series-connected amplifier, RC filter and rectifier, connecting An inverter with an output, a sawtooth generator and a pulse width modulator composed of three comparators, the first inputs of which are connected to the saw voltage generator, and the outputs via synchronization blocks with the control inputs of the inverter, while the outputs of the first and second formers are absolute values speed deviations are connected to the inputs of the first multiplier, the output of which is connected to the second comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the voltage measuring unit, the output of the second The second comparison unit is connected to the input of the second multiplier, the outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of the three comparators, and the input of the second multiplier is connected via a ring counter to the voltage converter, the input of which is connected to the output of the summation unit through the second absolute speed value generating unit, to which the input of the ring counter is connected through the polarity discriminator, the input of the first unit for forming the absolute value of the speed deviation is connected to the output of the nonlinear block a. FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for controlling an asynchronous motor; in fig. 2 - time diagrams of his work. The device for controlling an induction motor contains a three-phase Hbtfi AC source 1, which is connected to a full-wave rectifier 2, the output of which is connected to the inverter 3 voltage. An asynchronous motor 4 is connected to the output of inverter .3, on the shaft of which a gauge 5 of the real motor rotation speed is mounted. The speed setting unit 6 is connected to the first comparison unit 7, the second input of which is connected to the real rotation speed meter 5. The output of the first comparison unit 7 is connected via a non-linear unit 8 with a unit 9 sum of the world. Block 10 is the unit for generating the absolute value of the speed deviation signal, unit 11 is the unit for generating the signal for the absolute value of the speed deviation from the result of the summation of unit 9, and unit 12 is the discriminator of the polarity of the signal of unit 9 for summation. The output of the summation unit 9 through the unit 11 is connected to the voltage-frequency converter 13, the output of which is connected to a three-phase ring counter 14, the second input of which is connected to the output of the block 12. The voltage and frequency control unit of the inverter 3, except for the specified voltage frequency converter 13 ring counter 14, contains the first multiplier 15, the voltage measurement unit, consisting of rectifier 16, RC filter 17 and amplifier 18. In addition, the control unit includes amplifier 19, the second comparison unit 20, the second multiplier 21, Sawtooth generator 22, a pulse-width modulator consisting of three comparators 23 and synchronization blocks 24-29 whose outputs are connected to the control inputs of the inverter 3. The output of the three-phase ring counter 14 is connected to the first inputs of the second multiplier 21, second the input of which is connected through an amplifier 19 to the output of the adder 20, the first input of which is connected to the voltage measuring unit, and the second to the output of the first multiplier 15, the inputs of KOTOpoio through the blocks 10 and 11 are connected respectively to the nonlinear block 8 and c the output of block 9 summation. The three-phase AC source 1 supplies a sinusoidal, three-phase alternating current to the full-wave rectifier 2, consisting of diodes, which is charged with a DC voltage. Inverter 3, consisting of power transistors and diodes, receives the rectified voltage from rectifier 2 and converts this voltage into a three-phase AC voltage, which has a stepped, nearly sinusoidal voltage, the shape of the voltage, the effective value of which can be changed control two-position synchronization of power transistors. The three-phase asynchronous motor 4 has a shaft on which the real speed meter 5 is installed, for example a tachometer, the latter producing an analog voltage proportional to the rotation speed h of the motor. The speed setting unit 6 supplies to the first comparison unit 7 an analog voltage proportional to the speed n, the comparison unit 7 generates an output voltage proportional to the deviation (p.n) between the set speed and the real speed. The non-linear unit 8 includes an error amplifier having an initial delay characteristic or a limiting circuit. The summation unit 9 is designed to sum the real speed and the signal from the output of block 8. The absolute value generation unit 10 produces an output signal representing the absolute value of the speed deviation (n, -n), and the absolute value unit 11 produces an output signal representing the absolute value the speed signal received in block 9 summation. The voltage converter 13 is the frequency of the output of the pulses to the kidney, the frequency of which is proportional to the voltage supplied by the absolute value formation unit 11. The ring counter 14 has three trigger states, KOTOpi.ie produce three-phase rectangular signals (slots AS, BS and CS sequentially shifted in phase by 27/3 (Fig. 2). The direction of the phase of rotation of the three-phase rectangular signals AS, BS, CS is determined by the output of the polarity discriminator 12. The first multiplier 15 multiplies the speed deviation value () by the output (Pr) of the block 11 and outputs the output voltage) corresponding to the speed deviation and the speed signal. The full-wave rectifier 16 rectifies the three-phase AC voltage received from inverter 3. A low-pass filter containing resistors and a capacitor smoothes the ripple of the rectified DC voltage supplied by the rectifier 16. The second multiplier 21 multiplies the voltage The angular signals AS, BS, CS at the output of the amplifier 19 and the three-phase rectangular signals AS, BS, CS, the amplitudes of which correspond to the speed deviation and the speed signal. The sawtooth voltage generator 22 generates a STS sawtooth signal with a period significantly shorter than that of AS, BS, CS signals. Three comparators 23 compare the amplitudes of the sawtooth signal and the AS, BS, CS signals, and each generates an output signal. In other words, the sawtooth voltage generator 22, multiplier 21, and three comparators 23 constitute a pulse width modulator circuit designed to control the phase of the workstations, BPM, and CPM signals (FIG. 2), which respectively consist of BS, CS after modulating them across the pulse width in accordance with their amplitudes. The outputs of the blocks 23 through the blocks 24-29 synchronization feed their output signals to the corresponding base of the power transistors of the inverter 3. The device works as follows. If the asynchronous motor 4 rotates under the specified conditions, then a change in load causes a change in the real speed n of the engine. Suppose that the load has increased, causing a drop in the speed n. The real speed n is determined by a tachometer 5, which produces an output voltage proportional to it. Comparison unit 7 determines the difference between the set speed set by the speed setting unit 6 and the real engine speed signal p given by the tachometer, and 16 generates an output signal representing the difference. This signal is fed to a non-linear block 8, as block 8 contains a limiter, its output is the deviation of the speed, if the speed deviation is small. However, if the deviation of the speed is large, then the output of the block 8 is K (), where 1 {. This signal is put with the value of the real speed in block 9 summation, its output, namely, the signal of speed n is equivalent to the given speed n if the output of block 8 is equal to, or the value of n + K (P (.- n) if the output of block 8 is equal to K (P {.- p.) The value of n + K (ps-p) is obtained by laminating the prescribed quantity K (P (, n and the real speed n) and is used to gradually increase or decrease the real speed of the engine 4 when the speed deviation is large , until the real speed reaches the value given The output of the adder 9 is p. The predetermined speed p. is supplied to the absolute value generating unit 11 and the polarity discriminator 12 which processes the signal, dividing it into the absolute signal, the value and the rotation direction signal RDS. The absolute value signal Pr is fed to voltage converter 13 is a frequency that converts it into a sequence of pulses EP, the frequency of which is proportional to it (Fig. 2). The ring counter 14 receives an ELDS rotational direction signal detected by the polarity discriminator 12 and will The pulses from converter 13 generate three-phase square-wave signals AS, BS, CS, which, in addition to their fixed amplitude value, are proportional in frequency to a given signal n and represent the prescribed directions of phase rotation. The signals AS, VZ, CS in turn are supplied to the second multiplier 21. At this time, the speed deviation signal, produced by block 8, is converted into a signal of the absolute value of the speed deviation by the unit 10. This signal, namely p-n, along with the signal of the absolute value The n from block 11 is used for controlling. By this time, the signals Pr-p and p. Are already multiplied in the first multiplier 15, producing a control signal whose value is the product) -P (., Shown by the first multiplier 15. The engine 4 continues to rotate below a given speed and the prescribed speed deviation, and increasing the load will increase the speed deviation, and thus the amplitude of the CCS signal. Parallel to the operation of the previous circuit, the AC alternating current voltage Vc, V, and from the circuit of the inverter 3 is rectified by a two half-rectifier 16. The RC-filter .17 burned off It detects DC voltage ripples and produces an output signal proportional to the total error caused by voltage fluctuations in source 1 and errors in the phase control system that controls the inverter 3. Comparison unit 20 processes the control signal CCS and the voltage The Toica constant generated by the filter 17 and calculates their difference. In other words, the CCS signal is corrected in accordance with the error caused by voltage fluctuations and the error in the phase control system. The corrected CCS signal is fed to the multiplier 21 via amplifier 19, Topbui, because it receives AS, BS, CS, multiplies these signals by the CCS signal, generating three-phase square-wave signals AS, BS, CS corresponding in amplitude to the speed deviation signal (Pr- p) and a given speed (n), and in frequency they are proportional to the signal P (;. Comparators 23 respectively compare the peak values of the AS, BS, CS signals with the amplitude of the STS sawtooth signal output by the sawtooth generator 22. Each comparator is adapted to bots lo The output signal has made the amplitude of the signals AS, ---- BS, CS larger than the amplitude of the sawtooth signal. Thus, the three comparators 23 produce signals for controlling the phase of the APM, BPM, CPM of the three phases, the signals are modulated in accordance with the amplitude of each rectangular X ARM, BPM, CPM. Note that the values of the effective voltage of each AWP, BPM, CPM signal and the phase control are proportional to the deviation of the speed P (.- n and the set speed n, because the amplitude of each of the signals AS, BS, CS is proportional and n,. In addition, the frequency of each of the APM, BPM, CPM signals of phase control is proportional to a given speed PS, since the frequency of the AS, BS and CS signals is proportional to it. The NO - NO g selectors in the synchronization blocks 24-29 use the AWP, BPM, CPM phase control signals to generate the APM, AWP, BPM, BPM, CPM, CPM clock signals to control the operation of the transistors in the inverter 3. These synchronization signals synchronize the inverter transistors in series 3 in such a way that stepwise alternating current voltage Vjjy is formed (Fig. 2). These three-phase voltages Vyy, Vy ,, .V ;, are supplied as the initial voltage to the motor 4 and serve to control its speed. In addition, the effective value of these three-phase voltages is proportional to the speed deviation (P (, - n) and the set speed P; -., And the initial frequency is proportional to the set speed, i.e. the power of the motor 4 is controlled. The described operation is repeated until the deviation between the real speed and the given speed reaches the prescribed value. Moreover, the effective values of the three-phase AC voltages V VWY depend on the speed deviation. In addition, the speed deviation is approximately proportional to The degree of load oscillation. Thus, if the real speed drops, i.e., the speed deviation n, n increases due to the increase in load, the effective value of the initial voltage OV vw Viv becomes larger, thereby increasing the generated torque. if the actual speed increases or the speed deviation decreases by reducing the load j j, the effective value of this initial voltage becomes smaller, thereby reducing the torque.
    91
    On the other hand, the device works when the moments of load and engine start change. I.
    In this way, in accordance with the invention, an inductive motor, controlled by voltage variation and frequency variation, can rotate smoothly even at low frequency and under low load. This is possible because
    Ч264110
    torque and torque ripple during load reduction is minimized due to the fact that the effective value of voltage 5 becomes less. On the other hand, a large speed deviation caused by an increase in load is accompanied by an increase in the effective value, which immediately leads to high torque generation. BR JUUUUUUIJJLJIJ
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF AN ASYNCHRONOUS ENGINE, containing a voltage inverter intended for connection to an induction motor, a meter of the actual rotation speed of the motor, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the speed reference unit, and the output of the comparison unit through a non-linear unit is connected to the summing unit, the second input of which is connected to the meter of the actual engine speed, the voltage and frequency control unit connected to the invert set, and a second comparing unit, characterized in that, in order to improve the uniformity of the rotational speed, the voltage control unit and is composed of two frequency blocks forming the absolute value of the speed deviation polarity discriminator, transform -: Vatel voltage - frequency, three "phase ring counter of the first, first and second multipliers, a voltage measuring unit, made in the form of a series-connected amplifier of an RC filter and a rectifier connected to the output of the inverter, a sawtooth generator and a pulse-width modulator composed of three comparators, the first inputs of which are connected to a sawtooth generator, and the output through synchronization units is connected to the control inputs of the inverter, while the outputs of the first and second formers of the absolute value of the speed deviation are connected to the inputs of the first multiplier, the output which is connected to the second comparison unit, the second 'input of which is connected to the output of the voltage measurement unit, the output of the second comparison unit is connected to the input of the second multiplier, the outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of the three comparators, and the input of the second multiplier is connected through a ring counter to a voltage-frequency converter, the input of which through the second unit for generating the absolute value of the speed deviation is connected to the output of the summing unit, to which the ring counter input is connected via the polarity discriminator, the input of the first the unit for forming the absolute value of the speed deviation is connected to the output of the nonlinear block.
    SU „„ AND 92641
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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